{"id":6990,"date":"2020-05-01T17:40:59","date_gmt":"2020-05-01T14:40:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.annebebekkulubu.com\/?p=6990"},"modified":"2020-05-01T17:49:47","modified_gmt":"2020-05-01T14:49:47","slug":"cocuklarda-en-sik-gorulen-hastaliklar-nelerdir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/annebebekkulubu.com\/blog\/cocuklarda-en-sik-gorulen-hastaliklar-nelerdir\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7ocuklarda en s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen hastal\u0131klar nelerdir?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c7ocuklarda en s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen hastal\u0131klar nelerdir?<\/strong> 0-6 ya\u015f \u00e7ocuklarda en s\u0131k hangi hastal\u0131klar g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr? \u00c7ocuk Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Hastal\u0131klar\u0131 Uzman\u0131 Dr. Eren Y\u0131ld\u0131z<\/strong>, \u00e7ocuklarda en fazla g\u00f6r\u00fclen hastal\u0131klar\u0131<\/strong> yazd\u0131!…<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c7ocuklarda en fazla g\u00f6r\u00fclen hastal\u0131klar<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c7ocuklar eri\u015fkinlere g\u00f6re daha s\u0131k hastalan\u0131rlar ve hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n seyri daha farkl\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle okul d\u00f6neminde birbirlerine bula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcksek hastal\u0131klara yakalan\u0131rlar. Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemleri geli\u015ftik\u00e7e yakaland\u0131klar\u0131 enfeksiyonlar\u0131n s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da azal\u0131r. \u00c7ocuklar sadece enfeksiyonlu hastal\u0131klara yakalanmazlar, her hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n tedavisi antibiyotik de\u011fildir. Bu yaz\u0131da genel olarak \u00e7ocukluk \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda s\u0131k g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz hastal\u0131klar\u0131<\/strong> k\u0131saca anlataca\u011f\u0131m.<\/p>\n

Atopik Dermatit<\/b><\/p>\n

Atopik dermatit( egzama) bir \u00e7ok fakt\u00f6re( genetik, \u00e7evresel) ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen kronik bir cilt hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011funlukla bebeklik d\u00f6neminde ba\u015flar. Maalesef ki ileriki ya\u015flarda ast\u0131m ve alerjik rinit gibi di\u011fer alerjik hastal\u0131klar\u0131n habercisi olma \u00f6zelli\u011fini ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. En s\u0131k rastlanan belirtiler kuruluk, ka\u015f\u0131nt\u0131 ve d\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fcd\u00fcr. En tipik bulgular\u0131 y\u00fczde, dirsek i\u00e7inde ve diz arkas\u0131nda k\u0131zar\u0131k lezyonlard\u0131r. Koruma i\u00e7in cildi hassas \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n \u015fampuanlar\u0131 da hassas olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong> Y\u00fcnl\u00fc ve tahri\u015f edici k\u0131yafetlerden uzak durulmal\u0131, banyo sonras\u0131 daha \u0131slakken nemlendirme \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. T\u0131rnaklar\u0131n k\u0131sa olmas\u0131 ka\u015f\u0131nt\u0131ya ba\u011fl\u0131 hasar\u0131 azaltmada yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Tedavide nemlendiriciler, topikal kortikosteroidler ve oral antihistaminikler kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nezle ( So\u011fuk alg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131)<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00d6zellikle okul \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ocuklar\u0131nda s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/strong> \u00c7e\u015fitli vir\u00fcsler bu tabloya neden olabilir. Okul \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 y\u0131lda 10 defaya kadar bu hastal\u0131\u011fa yakalanabilir.\u00a0 Genelde burun ak\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131, hap\u015f\u0131rma ve nadiren ate\u015f ile seyreder. Bazen tablo a\u011f\u0131rla\u015f\u0131p kulak, bo\u011faz ve akci\u011fer enfeksiyonuna sebep olabilir. Hafif vakalar \u015fikayet giderici ila\u00e7lar ile takip edilir. Bol s\u0131v\u0131 t\u00fcketilmesi hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n atlat\u0131lmas\u0131nda \u00e7ok yard\u0131mc\u0131d\u0131r. 3 g\u00fcn\u00fc ge\u00e7en ate\u015fli nezlelerin muhakkak muayene edilip, ba\u015fka bir hastal\u0131\u011fa sebep olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tonsillit ( Bademcik enfeksiyonu)<\/b><\/p>\n

Vir\u00fcsler ve bakterilerin yol a\u00e7abildi\u011fi, en s\u0131k antibiyotik kullan\u0131m\u0131\u00a0 gereken enfeksiyonlardand\u0131r. Genelde 5-15 ya\u015f aras\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclen tonsillitler bakteriyel, di\u011ferleri viraldir. Bu kesin bir kural olmamakla birlikte antibiyotik yazma konusunda biz hekimlere yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. Ate\u015f, halsizlik, bo\u011faz a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 ile seyreder. Tan\u0131da bo\u011faz k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ve h\u0131zl\u0131 antijen testleri kullan\u0131l\u0131r. A grubu beta hemolitik spreptokok ( beta mikropbu olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan bakteri) \u00fcrerse antibiyotik tedavisi ba\u015flanmal\u0131d\u0131r, di\u011fer viral tonsillitler tedavisiz kendili\u011finden iyile\u015fir.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Konjenital ( Do\u011fumsal) Hipotiriodi<\/b><\/p>\n

Do\u011fu\u015ftan gelen hipotiroidi boyundaki tiroid bezinin hormon \u00fcretimindeki eksikli\u011fi veya yoklu\u011fu ile karakterize bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131r, \u00f6nlenebilir zeka gerili\u011finin en s\u0131k nedenlerinden biridir. 3000-4000 canl\u0131 do\u011fumda bir g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Do\u011fum sonras\u0131 topuk kan\u0131 ile tarad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z hastal\u0131klardan en s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclenidir. Kab\u0131zl\u0131k, emme g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, beslenme s\u0131ras\u0131nda solunum g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, uzam\u0131\u015f sar\u0131l\u0131k, a\u011flama sesinin kal\u0131n ve kaba olmas\u0131 ve kaba y\u00fcz hatlar\u0131 gibi bulgular bu hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 akla getirebilir. Tedavide a\u011f\u0131z yoluyla tiroid hormonu sabah a\u00e7 karna verilmektedir, belli aral\u0131klar kandan tiroid fonksiyon testleri bak\u0131l\u0131p hastalar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcme ve geli\u015fmeleri yak\u0131ndan izlenmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Geli\u015fimsel Kal\u00e7a Displazisi<\/b>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>“Kal\u00e7a \u00e7\u0131k\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131”<\/strong> olarak da bilinen bu hastal\u0131k bacaktaki ana kemi\u011fin \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n kal\u00e7a kemi\u011fi ile aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkinin bozulmas\u0131 durumu olarak tan\u0131mlanabilir. Ulusal tarama program\u0131m\u0131zda 2. Ayda kal\u00e7a ultrasonu ile tarama yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nerilmektedir. Ultrasonunda ya da muayenesinde bozukluk saptanan hastalar ortopediye y\u00f6nlendirilmektedir. Tedavide ama\u00e7 kal\u00e7ay\u0131 d\u00fczeltecek pozisyonda tutmak oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli ateller kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/span>
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

Pn\u00f6moni (Zat\u00fcrre)<\/b>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>Pn\u00f6moni akci\u011fer enfeksiyonu olarak nitelendirilebilir. En geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerde bile s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen ve \u00f6l\u00fcmlere neden olan bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131r. \u00c7e\u015fitli vir\u00fcsler ve bakteriler bu hastal\u0131\u011fa sebep olmaktad\u0131r. Belirtileri h\u0131zl\u0131 nefes al\u0131p verme, g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcste inip inip kalkma, \u00f6ks\u00fcr\u00fck, sesli nefes al\u0131nmas\u0131, g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcste h\u0131r\u0131lt\u0131 ve ate\u015fin y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131 say\u0131labilir. Tedavide antibiyotikler kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r, hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k seviyesine g\u00f6re hastanede yat\u0131\u015f karar\u0131 verilerek bu antibiyotikler damardan verilmektedir. Destek ama\u00e7l\u0131 bol s\u0131v\u0131 al\u0131m\u0131 ve dengeli beslenme \u00f6nerilmektedir.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Obezite<\/b>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>Obezite \u00e7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r ve s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 giderek \u00e7ocuklarda da artmaktad\u0131r. V\u00fccut ya\u011f kitlesindeki a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 art\u0131\u015f olarak tan\u0131mlanabilir. <\/span>Hareketsiz ya\u015fam ve t\u00fcketimi \u00f6zendirilen bol kalorili, y\u00fcksek \u015feker ve ya\u011f i\u00e7erikli besinlerin t\u00fcketimi obeziteye neden olan fakt\u00f6rler aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Obezite kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131namaz ise bir\u00e7ok organ ve damar problemine sebep olmaktad\u0131r, bu y\u00fczden iyi bir diyet ve spor ile tedavisinin bir an \u00f6nce yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekiyor. \u00c7ocuk doktorlar\u0131<\/strong> ve diyetisyenlerin bu hastal\u0131kta i\u015fbirli\u011fi halinde olmas\u0131 gerekmekte ve \u00e7ocu\u011fun ya\u015f\u0131na sosyal ya\u015fant\u0131s\u0131na uygun diyet ve aktivite program\u0131 haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/b>Skolyoz<\/b>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>Omurgam\u0131z\u0131n normalde \u00f6nden ve yandan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda d\u00fcz olmas\u0131 gerekiyor. Sa\u011fa ve sola do\u011fru C veya S \u015feklinde e\u011fri olmas\u0131 “skolyoz” olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131yor. En yayg\u0131n bulgusu bir tarafa belirginle\u015fen k\u00fcrek kemi\u011fi \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 ve bir omuzun daha y\u00fcksek olu\u015fu gibi simetri kusuru. E\u011frili\u011fin art\u0131\u015f\u0131, s\u0131rt ve belde a\u011fr\u0131ya yol a\u00e7\u0131yor. Korumak i\u00e7in \u00f6zellikle okul \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7anta a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok olmamas\u0131 gerekiyor<\/strong>. Anne ve babalar\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fimini yak\u0131ndan takip etmesi de erken tan\u0131da \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli.<\/strong> Tan\u0131da basit bir r\u00f6ntgen ile e\u011frili\u011fin derecesi hesaplan\u0131yor. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck e\u011frilikler takibe al\u0131n\u0131p fizik tedaviye y\u00f6nlendirilirken daha ileri vakalar ortopedi uzmanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan skolyoz cerrahisine al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mevsimsel Alerjik Rinit<\/b><\/p>\n

Bahar aylar\u0131nda s\u0131k g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz bir hastal\u0131k, mevsimsel alerjik rinit. B<\/span>urun ak\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 ve ka\u015f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131, tekrarlayan hap\u015f\u0131r\u0131k, burun t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, g\u00f6zde ka\u015f\u0131nt\u0131 ve ya\u015farma bu hastal\u0131kta g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz \u015fikayetler aras\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r. G<\/span>enellikle \u00e7i\u00e7ek a\u00e7mayan ve polenleri r\u00fczgar ile sa\u00e7\u0131lan bitkiler etkendir. Ast\u0131m ile birliktelik g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. \u00c7o\u011fu zaman muayene ile tan\u0131 koyulmakta olup kesin etkeni g\u00f6sterebilmek i\u00e7in kandan ve ciltten alerji testleri yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Tedavinin en \u00f6nemli basama\u011f\u0131 alerjenden uzakla\u015fmakt\u0131r. Burun spreyleri ve a\u011f\u0131zdan al\u0131nan ila\u00e7lar ile de \u015fikayetler d\u00fczelmektedir. A\u011f\u0131r vakalarda a\u015f\u0131 tedavisi denilen \u2018\u2019immunoterapi\u2019\u2019 uygulanmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ast\u0131m<\/b><\/p>\n

Ast\u0131m akci\u011ferlerdeki hava yollar\u0131n\u0131n duvarlar\u0131n\u0131n \u015fi\u015ferek daralmas\u0131 ile karakterize bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131r. Genetik ge\u00e7i\u015fi mevcuttur. Genel olarak alerjiktir, alerjik nezle ve besin alerjisi ile beraber g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Fakat alerjik olmayan ast\u0131m da g\u00f6r\u00fclebilmektedir. Tekrarlayan ve \u00f6zellikle gece uykuda veya oyun s\u0131ras\u0131nda olan \u00f6ks\u00fcr\u00fck, h\u0131r\u0131lt\u0131, nefes darl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve de g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcste s\u0131k\u0131\u015fma hissi olan \u00e7ocuklarda ast\u0131m akla gelmelidir. Bebek ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuklarda tan\u0131 hastadan al\u0131nan \u00f6yk\u00fc ve yap\u0131lan fizik muayene ile koyulur. 5 ya\u015f\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7ocuklarda -uyumlu ise- solunum fonksiyon testi yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Alerji i\u00e7in deri ve kandan yap\u0131lan test tan\u0131da yard\u0131mc\u0131d\u0131r. Tedavide hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u015fiddetine g\u00f6re plan yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. S\u0131k kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ila\u00e7lar koruyucu olarak uzun d\u00f6nem kullanabildi\u011fimiz d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck mikrograml\u0131 kortizonlu spreyler ile atak d\u00f6nemlerindeki k\u0131sa etkili nefes a\u00e7\u0131c\u0131 inhaler spreylerdir. \u00c7i\u011fneme tabletleri ve a\u011f\u0131zdan al\u0131nan toz ila\u00e7lar da kullan\u0131labilmektedir. <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00c7ocuklarda en s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen hastal\u0131klar nelerdir? 0-6 ya\u015f \u00e7ocuklarda en s\u0131k hangi hastal\u0131klar g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr? \u00c7ocuk Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Hastal\u0131klar\u0131 Uzman\u0131 Dr. Eren Y\u0131ld\u0131z, \u00e7ocuklarda en fazla g\u00f6r\u00fclen hastal\u0131klar\u0131 yazd\u0131!… \u00c7ocuklarda en fazla g\u00f6r\u00fclen hastal\u0131klar \u00c7ocuklar eri\u015fkinlere g\u00f6re daha s\u0131k hastalan\u0131rlar ve hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n seyri daha farkl\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle okul d\u00f6neminde birbirlerine bula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcksek hastal\u0131klara yakalan\u0131rlar. Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemleri geli\u015ftik\u00e7e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":94,"featured_media":3886,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[220],"class_list":{"0":"post-6990","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-cocuk","8":"tag-cocuk-hastaliklari"},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/annebebekkulubu.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/erkek-cocuk-doktor.jpg?fit=626%2C417&ssl=1","jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/annebebekkulubu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6990","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/annebebekkulubu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/annebebekkulubu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/annebebekkulubu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/94"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/annebebekkulubu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6990"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/annebebekkulubu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6990\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/annebebekkulubu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3886"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/annebebekkulubu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6990"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/annebebekkulubu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6990"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/annebebekkulubu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6990"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}